System engineers should arguably also try to mimic this same hierarchy when the email infrastructure is set up, even in the case of a centralized administration. It is an established "best practice" to make use of DNSs possibilities to create a hierarchical layer whenever this is possible within an organization. Specific use of DNS is made by mail transport agents by looking at MX records to find the next hop mail server. A crucial directory service used by email is DNS, without which no Internet application could survive. Email cannot exist without proper functioning directory services. Several protocols make up electronic mail as we know it, each acting one or more of the set of roles to be played.
Email is discussed in terms of its architecture, the protocols that constitute it, related technology, and the surrounding problems of both technological and nontechnological nature. This chapter deals with electronic mail, mostly in the familiar form commonly found on the Internet.
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